FRONTIERS IN CHEMICAL SCIENCES

Synthesis, Characterization, Antioxidant and Biological Activities of Polyglucose Based Hydrazides and their Metal Nano Composites

Fri, 30 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The interaction of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) single, double, and triple bonds with an aliphatic and aromatic carbon skeleton is widely used for medications and polymer synthesis. Many scientists have employed these compounds as target structures to determine their diverse chemical synthesis and use in various fields. The synthesis of polyglucose-hydrazide metal nanocomposites is a novel area of chemistry research. Polyglucose metal nanocomposites are widely used for drug delivery to target cancer and other lethal diseases. The major interests of this research were to synthesize, characterize, and find out the antibacterial properties of hydroxyl groups present in polyglucose-hydrazide metal nanocomposites. These nanocomposites were synthesized by acidification, esterification, and hydrazination of glucose and mixing of metal nanoparticles with polyglucose, respectively. The characterization of proposed nanocomposites was done by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and, energy dispersive X-Ray (EDX) spectroscopy. The biological activities of polyglucose-hydrazides cobalt, silver, and iron nano-composites were tested against Xanthomonas campestris malvacearum (a bacterial strain) by agar disc diffusion method. Amongst all, polyglucose-hydrazides cobalt nanocomposite yielded the highest antibacterial activity. Silver and iron nanocomposites also showed good activity. These results indicate that the antibacterial activities of metal nanoparticles are remarkably enhanced by combining with polyglucose hydrazide. These polyglucose-hydrazide metal nanocomposites have great potential as biocompatible antibacterial agents.

In vitro Anti-diabetic Activity of Aqueous Methanolic Extract of Ailanthus Altissima Bark

Fri, 30 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The intestinal digestive enzyme alpha-glucosidase plays a vital role in the carbohydrate digestion. One anti-diabetic therapeutic approach reduces the postprandial glucose level by the inhibition of the alpha-glucosidase enzyme. The present study aimed to investigate the anti-diabetic activity of extract of Ailanthus altissima bark, in vitro. Three different plant extracts were formulated by using distilled water, methanol, and a mixture of methanol and water (70:30) to compare the best effect of the extract, while distilled water and metformin were used as negative and positive controls. Four different concentrations of plant extract in all solvents were used to find percentage inhibition of alpha-glucosidase. Maximum percentage inhibition was examined against 1.5 mL of all solvent extracts but aqueous methanolic plant extract showed maximum73% inhibition that was comparable to standard drug inhibition (80%). One-way ANOVA was followed for statistical analysis to find out the P-value based on which most significant and insignificant were declared. Aqueous methanolic plant extract showed the most significant results because the value of p<0.5 through the goodness of the model while aqueous plant extract showed insignificant results because the P- value is > 0.05. The assay results suggest that the presence of bioactive compounds are responsible for the versatile medicinal properties against diabetes, the aqueous methanolic extract exhibit a dose-dependent increase in inhibitory effect on alpha-glucosidase enzyme up to 73%. The current study proves aqueous methanolic extract of A. altissima bark has anti-diabetic activity in vitro and is a strong candidate for postprandial control of blood glucose level.

Preventing Exposure to SARS Cov-2 in Operation Theater Technology & Intensive Care Units

Fri, 30 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Health problems in the whole world are started to increase due to new viruses, with the beginning of 20^th century. Wuhan coronavirus (which is also known as nCoV-2019) is one of current examples of such type of viruses. The people infected with this disease are likely to get genuinely unwell and need care on an ICU. A number of cultural and civic norms were monitored throughout this examination. Most standards follow a common logic that unquestionably follows the previously demonstrated method to system design. Indians are advised to look at the extremely comprehensive, tastefully prepared Guidelines of the Indian Society for Anesthesia. In this study our focus on the preventing to COVID-19 in OTT and ICU with its basic and necessary conditions which are required to secure the patients as well as the medicals staff. And also determine the products for health information.

Influence of Thyroid Dysfunction on Electrolyte Levels of Outdoor Patients of Tertiary Care Hospitals

Haq Nawaz, Rabiah Khushi Muhammad, Amna Aslam, Sajid Hussain, Rubaida Mehmood — Fri, 30 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The study aimed to evaluate the impact of thyroid dysfunction on serum electrolyte levels in individuals visiting outpatient departments of tertiary care institutes. The study included 88 participants who were divided into five groups: NTF, Hypo-TF, Hyper-TF, NTFT, and HC. The thyroid hormones T3, T4, and TSH and electrolyte levels, were analyzed in the sera obtained from the control and study groups. The results showed a statistically significant variation in thyroid hormone levels among the different study groups of both genders. The Hyper-TF group had higher levels of T3 and T4, while the TSH level was higher in the Hypo-TF group of both genders. The age of the patients and duration of treatment did not significantly affect the thyroid hormones and electrolyte levels of the study groups. The Na+ level was positively correlated with T3 and T4 levels of the control and Hypo-TF groups and TSH of the Hyper-TF group. The K+
level was negatively correlated with the thyroid hormone levels of each group except TSH of the Hyper-TF group. The study found that thyroid dysfunction significantly affected the thyroid hormone levels in male and female patients, which were positively correlated with Na+ level and negatively correlated with K+
level.

Advances in Bioremediation: A Prospective Approach for Green Food Waste Management

Kiran Mustafa, Fakhr-Un-Nisa, Dua Maryam — Fri, 30 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Fruit and vegetable industries' wastes consist of various by-products with an acidic pH, sodium, and a moisture content of 80–90%. These attributes of food waste lead to the destruction of soil and help in the generation of greenhouse gases. Different waste management techniques, such as slurry phase decomposition, extraction, thermal treatment, and bioremediation, are used for food waste management. Among these bioremediations is the most effective technique owing to low expenditure, minimal operational costs and almost no harmful environmental effects. It converts toxic contaminants emerging from various food industries into valuable components. A complete bioremediation protocol reduces, degrades, detoxifies, mineralizes or may convert more hazardous pollutants into less harmful pollutants. This review will discuss a general outlook on bioremediation followed by its applications in the management of various food industries. A comprehensive discussion of the advantages and limitations of the techniques will also be covered.